What is Vestibular Dysfunction?
Vestibular dysfunction refers to problems with the vestibular system, which includes parts of the inner ear and brain that help control balance and eye movements. When this system is impaired, it can cause dizziness, balance issues, and problems with coordination.
What Are the Symptoms of Vestibular Dysfunction?
- Dizziness or vertigo (a spinning sensation)
- Unsteady gait or difficulty walking
- Nausea or vomiting related to dizziness
- Blurred or shaky vision, especially with head movements
- Difficulty focusing or concentrating
- Feeling off-balance or a sensation of floating
What Causes Vestibular Dysfunction?
- Inner ear infections or inflammation (e.g., vestibular neuritis)
- Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) caused by displaced ear crystals
- Meniere’s disease, involving fluid buildup in the inner ear
- Head injuries or trauma affecting vestibular organs
- Neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis or stroke
- Aging-related degeneration of vestibular structures
- Certain medications that affect the inner ear or brain
How is Vestibular Dysfunction Diagnosed?
- Detailed medical history and symptom review
- Physical examination focusing on balance and eye movements
- Vestibular function tests like electronystagmography (ENG) or videonystagmography (VNG)
- Hearing tests to check for associated ear problems
- Imaging tests such as MRI to rule out brain abnormalities
How is Vestibular Dysfunction Treated?
- Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy (VRT)
- Specialized physical therapy exercises to improve balance and reduce dizziness
- Medications
- Antihistamines, anti-nausea drugs, or vestibular suppressants for symptom relief
- Canalith Repositioning Maneuvers
- Specific head and body movements (e.g., Epley maneuver) for BPPV
- Lifestyle Adjustments
- Avoid sudden head movements and maintain hydration
- Surgery
- Rarely needed, but may be considered in severe or persistent cases
Complications of Untreated Vestibular Dysfunction
- Increased risk of falls and injuries
- Chronic dizziness leading to anxiety or depression
- Difficulty performing daily activities due to imbalance
- Reduced quality of life
Living with Vestibular Dysfunction
- Follow your healthcare provider’s treatment plan and attend therapy sessions
- Use assistive devices like canes if advised for safety
- Avoid driving or operating machinery when dizzy
- Practice balance exercises regularly
- Seek emotional support if symptoms affect mental health