What is Fungal Keratitis?
Fungal keratitis is an infection of the cornea (the clear front surface of the eye) caused by fungi. It can lead to eye pain, vision problems, and even vision loss if not treated promptly. This condition is more common in warm, humid climates and often affects people who have eye injuries involving plant material or wear contact lenses.
What Are the Common Signs and Symptoms?
- Eye pain or discomfort
- Redness of the eye
- Blurred vision
- Tearing or discharge from the eye
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Feeling like something is in the eye (foreign body sensation)
- White or gray spot on the cornea
What Are the Causes and Risk Factors?
- Eye trauma, especially with organic material (like plant matter)
- Contact lens wear, especially improper hygiene
- Use of corticosteroid eye drops
- Pre-existing eye disease or surgery
- Weakened immune system
- Agricultural work or exposure to dust and soil
Which Fungi Are Commonly Involved?
- Fusarium species
- Aspergillus species
- Candida species
How Is Fungal Keratitis Diagnosed?
- Detailed eye examination using a slit lamp
- Corneal scrapings for laboratory culture and microscopy
- Confocal microscopy to identify fungal filaments
- PCR testing in some cases
What Are the Treatment Options?
- Antifungal eye drops: Natamycin, amphotericin B, or voriconazole
- Oral antifungal medications: For deeper or severe infections
- Surgical intervention: Corneal debridement or corneal transplant in advanced cases
- Avoidance of corticosteroids unless prescribed by a specialist
How Can It Be Prevented?
- Avoid eye injuries, especially in agricultural settings
- Practice good contact lens hygiene
- Avoid sleeping or swimming with contact lenses
- Use protective eyewear during activities that pose a risk of eye injury
- Seek early medical attention for any eye discomfort or trauma
When Should You See a Doctor?
Seek immediate medical help if you experience:
- Sudden eye pain or vision changes
- Increased eye redness or discharge
- Worsening symptoms despite initial treatment
What Is the Prognosis?
With early diagnosis and proper treatment, many cases of fungal keratitis can be successfully managed. However, delayed treatment can result in permanent vision loss, emphasizing the importance of prompt medical care.
