What is Psoriatic Arthritis?
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis that affects some people who have psoriasis, a skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches. PsA causes joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, and can affect any part of the body, including fingers, spine, and toes.

What causes Psoriatic Arthritis?

• The exact cause is unknown but involves an immune system malfunction
• Genetic factors play a role; family history increases risk
• Environmental triggers such as infections or injuries may contribute
• Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis share similar immune pathways causing inflammation

What are the symptoms?

• Joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, often in the fingers and toes
• Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
• Sausage-like swelling of fingers or toes (dactylitis)
• Fatigue and general feeling of being unwell
• Nail changes such as pitting or separation from the nail bed
• Skin symptoms of psoriasis (red, scaly plaques)
• Reduced joint mobility and deformities in severe cases

How is Psoriatic Arthritis diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves:

• Medical history and physical examination focusing on skin and joints
• Blood tests to rule out other types of arthritis (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)
• Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound to detect joint damage and inflammation
• Assessment of psoriasis severity

How is Psoriatic Arthritis treated?

Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, relieve symptoms, and prevent joint damage:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain and swelling
• Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like methotrexate to slow disease progression
• Biologic agents targeting specific immune pathways (e.g., TNF inhibitors)
• Corticosteroids for flare-ups
• Physical therapy and exercise to maintain joint flexibility
• Skin treatments for psoriasis, including topical creams and phototherapy

What is the prognosis?

• Early diagnosis and treatment improve outcomes
• Some people have mild symptoms; others may develop severe joint damage
• Regular monitoring helps manage symptoms and prevent complications

What complications can occur?

• Joint damage and deformities
• Reduced mobility and disability
• Eye inflammation (uveitis)
• Increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Who is most at risk?

• People with psoriasis (about 30% develop PsA)
• Individuals with a family history of psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis
• Adults typically diagnosed between ages 30 and 50

Can Psoriatic Arthritis be prevented?

• There is no known prevention, but managing psoriasis and early treatment of joint symptoms can reduce risk of severe arthritis
• Avoiding joint injuries and infections may help reduce triggers

Are there support resources?

Yes, support includes:

• Rheumatologists and dermatologists for specialized care
• Patient education groups and arthritis foundations
• Physical therapy and occupational therapy services
• Online communities and support groups for people with psoriatic arthritis