What is Toxocariasis (Visceral Larva Migrans)?
Toxocariasis, also known as visceral larva migrans, is an infection caused by the larvae of Toxocara roundworms, which commonly infect dogs and cats. When humans accidentally ingest these larvae, they can migrate through various organs, causing inflammation and damage.
What Causes Toxocariasis?
This infection is caused by swallowing eggs of Toxocara canis (from dogs) or Toxocara cati (from cats), usually through:
- Contaminated soil or food
- Contact with infected animals or their feces
- Poor hand hygiene
What are the Symptoms of Toxocariasis?
Symptoms depend on the organs affected and may include:
- Fever and fatigue
- Abdominal pain
- Cough or difficulty breathing (if lungs are involved)
- Enlarged liver or spleen
- Eye inflammation leading to vision problems (ocular larva migrans)
- Allergic reactions such as rash or wheezing
How is Toxocariasis Diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves:
- Medical history and exposure assessment
- Blood tests showing elevated eosinophils (a type of white blood cell)
- Serologic tests to detect antibodies against Toxocara
- Imaging studies if organs like liver or lungs are involved
- Eye examination if visual symptoms occur
How is Toxocariasis Treated?
Treatment includes:
- Anti-parasitic medications such as albendazole or mebendazole
- Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation in severe cases
- Supportive care for symptoms like fever or cough
What is the Prognosis for Toxocariasis?
With timely treatment, most people recover without long-term problems. However, severe infections or ocular involvement may lead to lasting organ damage or vision loss.
Can Toxocariasis Be Prevented?
Prevention strategies include:
- Practicing good hand hygiene, especially after handling pets or soil
- Avoiding ingestion of contaminated soil or unwashed vegetables
- Regular deworming of pets
- Keeping children from playing in areas contaminated with animal feces
When Should You See a Doctor?
Seek medical attention if you experience:
- Persistent fever and fatigue after exposure to animals or contaminated soil
- Unexplained abdominal pain or respiratory symptoms
- Vision changes or eye pain
Early diagnosis and treatment help prevent complications.