What is a Sebaceous Cyst?

A sebaceous cyst is a noncancerous, closed sac under the skin filled with oily or cheesy material. It forms when a sebaceous gland (which produces oil for the skin and hair) becomes blocked. These cysts are usually slow-growing and painless but can become inflamed or infected.

Sebaceous cysts commonly appear on the face, neck, back, or scalp.

What Are the Symptoms of a Sebaceous Cyst?

• A small, round lump under the skin that moves slightly when touched.
• Usually painless unless infected.
• May feel firm or rubbery.
• If infected, the cyst can become red, swollen, tender, and may drain pus.

What Causes a Sebaceous Cyst?

• Blockage of sebaceous glands or hair follicles.
• Skin trauma or injury.
• Genetic conditions (rarely).
• Excessive oil production.

How is a Sebaceous Cyst Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is usually based on a physical examination by a healthcare provider. Imaging tests are rarely needed unless the cyst is deep or complicated.

How is a Sebaceous Cyst Treated?

• Observation: Small, painless cysts may not require treatment.
• Incision and drainage: If infected or inflamed, draining the cyst may be necessary.
• Surgical removal: Complete removal of the cyst and its capsule is the best way to prevent recurrence.
• Antibiotics: Prescribed if there is infection.

What Are the Complications of a Sebaceous Cyst?

• Infection leading to abscess formation.
• Recurrence if the cyst is not fully removed.
• Rarely, rupture causing inflammation.

How Can You Manage a Sebaceous Cyst?

• Avoid squeezing or trying to pop the cyst.
• Keep the area clean.
• Seek medical care if the cyst becomes painful, red, or swollen.

When Should You See a Doctor?

• If the cyst grows rapidly or becomes painful.
• Signs of infection such as redness, warmth, or pus.
• If the cyst causes cosmetic concerns or discomfort.