What Is Panniculitis?
Panniculitis is a group of conditions characterized by inflammation of the subcutaneous fat layer beneath the skin. This inflammation leads to the formation of tender, red or purple nodules, commonly appearing on the legs, arms, or buttocks
What Are the Types of Panniculitis?
- Erythema Nodosum: The most common form, presenting as painful red nodules, typically on the shins.
- Lupus Panniculitis: Associated with lupus erythematosus, causing firm, deep nodules that may lead to scarring.
- Cold Panniculitis: Triggered by exposure to cold temperatures, leading to inflammation in fat tissues.
- Mesenteric Panniculitis: Affects the fat tissue of the mesentery in the abdomen, potentially causing abdominal pain.
- Infectious Panniculitis: Resulting from bacterial, fungal, or viral infections.
What Are the Causes and Risk Factors?
- Infections: Bacterial, fungal, or viral infections can initiate panniculitis.
- Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis.
- Medications: Certain drugs, including oral contraceptives and chemotherapy agents.
- Cold Exposure: Prolonged exposure to cold can lead to cold panniculitis.
- Idiopathic: In some cases, the exact cause remains unknown.
What Are the Symptoms?
- Painful Nodules: Tender lumps under the skin, often red or purple.
- Skin Discoloration: Affected areas may show signs of bruising or redness.
- Systemic Symptoms: Fever, fatigue, and joint pain may accompany skin manifestations.
How Is Panniculitis Diagnosed?
- Clinical Examination: Assessment of skin lesions and patient history.
- Skin Biopsy: Confirms diagnosis by examining tissue under a microscope.
- Blood Tests: Identify underlying infections or autoimmune markers.
- Imaging: MRI or CT scans, especially for mesenteric panniculitis.PCDS
What Are the Treatment Options?
- Address Underlying Cause: Treat infections or manage autoimmune conditions.
- Medications:
- NSAIDs: Reduce inflammation and pain.
- Corticosteroids: For severe inflammation.
- Immunosuppressants: In autoimmune-related cases.
- Supportive Care: Rest, compression stockings, and pain management.Medical News Today+4DermNet®+4Wikipedia+4
What Is the Prognosis?
The outlook varies based on the underlying cause. Many cases resolve with appropriate treatment, but some may recur or lead to complications if not adequately managed.