What is Pterygium?

Pterygium (pronounced tuh-RIJ-ee-um) is a benign (non-cancerous) growth of the conjunctiva—the thin, clear tissue covering the white part of the eye—extending onto the cornea. It often appears as a wedge- or wing-shaped tissue that can affect one or both eyes and is sometimes referred to as “surfer’s eye.”

What causes Pterygium?

Pterygium is most commonly linked to prolonged exposure to:

• Ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun
• Wind, dust, and dry environments
• Chronic eye irritation or inflammation

People who spend a lot of time outdoors, especially near water or sand, are at a higher risk.

What are the symptoms of Pterygium?

While some people may not notice symptoms, common signs include:

• A visible growth on the white part of the eye, often towards the nose side
• Redness or inflammation around the growth
• Irritation, dryness, or a gritty feeling in the eye
• Blurred vision if the growth extends over the cornea
• A sensation of a foreign body in the eye

How is Pterygium diagnosed?

Pterygium is usually diagnosed through:

• A simple eye examination using a slit-lamp (a specialized microscope)
• No special tests are usually needed unless the vision is affected or surgery is considered

What are the treatment options for Pterygium?

Treatment depends on the size of the growth and the severity of symptoms:

Non-Surgical Management:

• Lubricating eye drops or artificial tears to reduce dryness and irritation
• Anti-inflammatory eye drops for redness and swelling
• UV-protective sunglasses to prevent progression

Surgical Removal:

• Considered when:
  • Vision is impaired
  • The pterygium is growing rapidly
  • There is significant discomfort or cosmetic concern
• The procedure is typically done under local anesthesia and may include conjunctival grafting to reduce recurrence

What is the prognosis for Pterygium?

Pterygium is generally harmless and slow-growing. When treated, especially with surgical removal, the outlook is good. However, it may recur, especially in individuals frequently exposed to UV light.

How can Pterygium be prevented or managed long-term?

• Wear UV-blocking sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat when outdoors
• Use protective eyewear in dusty or windy environments
• Apply lubricating eye drops regularly if you experience dryness
• Avoid prolonged sun exposure without eye protection

When should I see a doctor?

You should consult an eye specialist if you:

• Notice a growth on the white part of your eye
• Experience persistent eye irritation or redness
• Have blurred vision
• Are concerned about the appearance of your eyes