What is Tonsillitis?
Tonsillitis is the inflammation of the tonsils, which are two oval-shaped lymph nodes located at the back of the throat. This condition is usually caused by viral or bacterial infections and is most common in children, though it can affect people of all ages.
Tonsils help fight infections, but when they become infected themselves, they can swell and cause throat pain and other symptoms.
What Are the Symptoms of Tonsillitis?
Symptoms of tonsillitis can vary depending on the cause, but commonly include:
- Sore throat
- Red, swollen tonsils
- White or yellow patches on the tonsils
- Difficulty swallowing
- Fever and chills
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
- Bad breath
- Headache or ear pain
- Hoarse voice
Children may also experience stomach pain, nausea, or vomiting.
What Causes Tonsillitis?
Tonsillitis is most often caused by:
Viral Infections
- Most common cause (e.g., adenovirus, rhinovirus, influenza, Epstein-Barr virus)
Bacterial Infections
- Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep) is a frequent bacterial cause
- Less commonly caused by other bacteria
Tonsillitis is contagious and can spread through coughing, sneezing, or close contact.
How is Tonsillitis Diagnosed?
Diagnosis includes:
- Medical history and physical examination
- Throat swab to check for strep bacteria (rapid strep test or throat culture)
How is Tonsillitis Treated?
Treatment depends on whether the infection is viral or bacterial.
- Viral Tonsillitis
- Rest and hydration
- Warm saltwater gargles
- Over-the-counter pain relievers (e.g., acetaminophen, ibuprofen)
- Throat lozenges and soothing teas
- Bacterial Tonsillitis (Strep Throat)
- Antibiotics (usually penicillin or amoxicillin)
- It’s important to complete the full course even if symptoms improve
- Chronic or Recurrent Tonsillitis
- If tonsillitis occurs frequently or doesn’t respond to treatment, surgery may be recommended
Tonsillectomy
- Surgical removal of the tonsils
- Considered for patients with frequent episodes or complications
Complications of Tonsillitis
- Abscess formation (peritonsillar abscess)
- Spread of infection to surrounding tissues
- Breathing or swallowing difficulties
- Rheumatic fever or kidney inflammation from untreated strep
