What is Ventriculitis?

Ventriculitis is an inflammation or infection of the ventricles in the brain, which are fluid-filled cavities containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This condition often occurs as a complication of meningitis, brain surgery, or the presence of medical devices like ventricular shunts. Ventriculitis can cause serious neurological problems if not treated promptly.

What Are the Symptoms of Ventriculitis?

Symptoms may develop quickly or gradually and can include

Fever
Headache
Neck stiffness
Nausea and vomiting
Confusion or altered mental status
Seizures
Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
Weakness or numbness in parts of the body
Symptoms related to increased pressure in the brain, such as vomiting or decreased consciousness

What Causes Ventriculitis?

Ventriculitis is usually caused by bacterial or fungal infections that spread to the brain’s ventricles. Common causes include

Complications from bacterial meningitis
Infections following brain surgery or trauma
Infection of ventricular shunts or drains
Spread from other infections in the body

How is Ventriculitis Diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves several tests to confirm infection and identify the causative organism

Neurological examination
Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan to check inflammation and swelling
Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to analyze cerebrospinal fluid for infection
Laboratory tests to detect bacteria or fungi in the CSF

How is Ventriculitis Treated?

Treatment typically requires

Intravenous antibiotics or antifungal medications targeted to the specific infection
Removal or replacement of infected medical devices like shunts
Supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications
Close monitoring in a hospital setting

What Are the Complications of Untreated Ventriculitis?

If untreated, ventriculitis can lead to

Brain abscess
Hydrocephalus (excess fluid buildup in the brain)
Permanent neurological damage
Sepsis and systemic infection
Death in severe cases

Living with Ventriculitis

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment improve outcomes. Recovery may involve

Follow-up neurological assessments
Rehabilitation for any neurological deficits
Management of any long-term complications such as seizures

Seek immediate medical care if you experience symptoms like high fever, severe headache, confusion, or seizures, especially after brain surgery or head injury.