What is a Venomous Snakebite?
A venomous snakebite occurs when a venomous snake injects toxic venom into the body through its fangs during a bite. Venom contains proteins and enzymes that can damage tissues, disrupt blood clotting, and affect the nervous system.
What Are the Symptoms of a Venomous Snakebite?
Symptoms vary depending on the snake species and amount of venom injected but may include:
- Immediate pain and swelling at the bite site
- Redness and bruising around the wound
- Blistering or tissue necrosis (death) near the bite
- Nausea, vomiting, and sweating
- Dizziness or fainting
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Muscle weakness or paralysis
- Bleeding from gums, nose, or in urine
- Rapid heartbeat or low blood pressure
What Causes Venomous Snakebite?
Venomous snakebites occur when venomous snakes feel threatened or are provoked. Common venomous snakes include cobras, vipers, rattlesnakes, and kraits. Risk factors include:
- Walking barefoot or in open shoes in snake habitats
- Handling snakes without proper protection
- Farming or outdoor activities in endemic regions
How is Venomous Snakebite Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is based on:
- History of snakebite or snake identification
- Physical examination of bite site
- Observation of systemic symptoms
- Blood tests to assess clotting and organ function
How is Venomous Snakebite Treated?
- First Aid Measures
- Keep the victim calm and immobilize the affected limb below heart level
- Remove tight clothing or jewelry near the bite site
- Avoid cutting the wound, sucking out venom, or applying tourniquets
- Medical Treatment
- Administration of antivenom specific to the snake species
- Pain relief and wound care
- Tetanus immunization if needed
- Intravenous fluids and medications to support blood pressure and organ function
- Surgery to remove dead tissue in severe cases
Complications of Untreated Venomous Snakebite
- Severe tissue damage and permanent disability
- Blood clotting disorders leading to internal bleeding
- Kidney failure
- Respiratory failure due to paralysis
- Death if not treated promptly