What is Uveitis?
Uveitis is inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye that includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. This inflammation can affect one or both eyes and may cause redness, pain, light sensitivity, and vision problems. Uveitis can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-lasting) and can lead to serious complications if untreated.
What Causes Uveitis?
Uveitis can result from various factors, including:
- Autoimmune Diseases – Such as rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, or lupus.
- Infections – Bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections (e.g., herpes, tuberculosis).
- Eye Injury – Trauma to the eye can trigger inflammation.
- Systemic Conditions – Inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis.
- Idiopathic – In many cases, the exact cause is unknown.
Symptoms of Uveitis
Symptoms may develop suddenly or gradually and include:
- Eye redness
- Eye pain or discomfort
- Blurred or decreased vision
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Floaters (dark spots or lines in vision)
- Excessive tearing or discharge
How is Uveitis Diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Comprehensive Eye Exam – Using a slit lamp to examine the eye in detail.
- Medical History – To identify any underlying conditions or recent infections.
- Imaging Tests – Such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) or fluorescein angiography.
- Laboratory Tests – Blood tests or imaging to find systemic causes.
How is Uveitis Treated?
Treatment depends on the cause and severity:
- Corticosteroid Eye Drops – To reduce inflammation.
- Oral Steroids or Immunosuppressants – For severe or chronic cases.
- Antibiotics or Antiviral Medications – If an infection is the cause.
- Mydriatic Eye Drops – To dilate the pupil and relieve pain.
- Regular Monitoring – To track response to treatment and prevent complications.
Prognosis of Uveitis
- Early treatment can prevent complications like glaucoma, cataracts, or vision loss.
- Some cases resolve completely, while others may require long-term management.
- Recurrence is possible, especially in chronic or autoimmune-related uveitis.
Can Uveitis Be Prevented?
Prevention focuses on managing underlying conditions and protecting the eyes:
- Prompt treatment of infections and autoimmune diseases.
- Wearing protective eyewear to prevent injury.
- Regular eye check-ups, especially if at risk.
When Should You See a Doctor?
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
- Sudden eye redness and pain
- Vision changes or loss
- Sensitivity to light
- Persistent floaters
- Any symptoms following an eye injury