What is Stomatitis?

Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the mouth. It can cause painful sores, redness, and swelling on the tongue, cheeks, gums, and roof of the mouth. Stomatitis can affect people of all ages and may result from various causes.

What Are the Symptoms of Stomatitis?

Symptoms of stomatitis may vary depending on the cause but generally include:

• Painful sores or ulcers inside the mouth
• Redness and swelling of the mouth lining
• Burning or discomfort when eating or drinking
• Difficulty swallowing in severe cases
• Bad breath (halitosis) in some cases

What Causes Stomatitis?

Stomatitis can develop due to a range of factors including:

• Viral infections such as herpes simplex virus (cold sores)
• Fungal infections like oral thrush (Candida)
• Bacterial infections
• Irritation from dental appliances, sharp teeth, or burns from hot foods
• Nutritional deficiencies, especially vitamin B12, iron, and folate
• Allergic reactions to foods, dental materials, or medications
• Autoimmune conditions such as Behçet’s disease or lupus
• Stress or hormonal changes
• Poor oral hygiene

How is Stomatitis Diagnosed?

Diagnosis usually involves:

• Physical examination of the mouth
• Medical history review to identify possible causes or triggers
• Swab tests or biopsy in some cases to rule out infections or other diseases
• Blood tests to check for nutritional deficiencies or autoimmune disorders

How is Stomatitis Treated?

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms.

Common Treatments Include:

• Good oral hygiene practices to keep the mouth clean
• Avoiding spicy, acidic, or irritating foods
• Using antiseptic mouthwashes or saltwater rinses to reduce inflammation
• Topical medications such as corticosteroid gels or anesthetic creams to relieve pain
• Antiviral or antifungal medications if infections are present
• Nutritional supplements if deficiencies are detected
• Managing underlying health conditions if applicable

Complications of Stomatitis?

Though usually not serious, complications may include:

• Severe pain affecting eating and drinking
• Secondary infections if sores become infected
• Recurrence in cases of chronic or autoimmune-related stomatitis

Living with Stomatitis?

To reduce the frequency and severity of stomatitis episodes:

• Maintain good oral hygiene
• Avoid known irritants and allergens
• Manage stress effectively
• Follow a balanced diet to prevent nutritional deficiencies
• Seek regular dental check-ups