What is Soft Tissue Sarcoma?
Soft tissue sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that develops in the soft tissues of the body, such as muscles, fat, blood vessels, nerves, tendons, and the lining of the joints. These tumors can occur anywhere but are most common in the arms, legs, chest, and abdomen.
Soft tissue sarcomas vary widely in their behavior, from slow-growing to very aggressive forms.
What Are the Symptoms of Soft Tissue Sarcoma?
Symptoms often appear as a painless lump or swelling but can vary depending on the tumor’s size and location.
Common Symptoms
- A noticeable lump or swelling under the skin
- Pain or tenderness if the tumor presses on nerves or muscles
- Limited movement if the tumor is near joints
- Unexplained weight loss or fatigue (in advanced cases)
Where Do Symptoms Usually Appear?
- Arms and legs
- Torso and abdomen
- Chest wall
- Head and neck (less common)
What Causes Soft Tissue Sarcoma?
The exact cause is often unknown. However, risk factors include:
- Exposure to radiation or certain chemicals
- Genetic conditions such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome
- Previous injury to the affected area (rarely)
How is Soft Tissue Sarcoma Diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and biopsy.
Common Diagnostic Methods
- Imaging: MRI, CT scans, or X-rays to locate and evaluate the tumor
- Biopsy: Removal of tissue sample for microscopic examination
- Laboratory tests: To identify the specific sarcoma subtype
How is Soft Tissue Sarcoma Treated?
Treatment depends on the type, size, location, and stage of the sarcoma.
First-Line Treatments
- Surgery: To remove the tumor with a margin of healthy tissue
- Radiation therapy: Often used before or after surgery to reduce recurrence
- Chemotherapy: May be used for high-grade or metastatic sarcomas
Additional Treatments
- Targeted therapy or immunotherapy in certain cases
- Clinical trials may be considered for advanced sarcomas
What Are the Complications of Soft Tissue Sarcoma?
Possible complications include:
- Recurrence of the tumor after treatment
- Spread (metastasis) to other organs, commonly lungs
- Functional impairment depending on tumor location and treatment
- Side effects from chemotherapy or radiation therapy
How Can Soft Tissue Sarcoma Be Prevented?
There is no guaranteed way to prevent soft tissue sarcoma, but minimizing exposure to known risk factors like radiation and harmful chemicals may help.
Tips to Reduce Risk
- Avoid unnecessary radiation exposure
- Use protective measures when handling chemicals
- Regular medical check-ups if at high genetic risk