What is Simplex Otitis Externa?

Simplex Otitis Externa, commonly known as swimmer’s ear, is an inflammation or infection of the outer ear canal. It usually occurs when water gets trapped in the ear, creating a moist environment that encourages bacterial or fungal growth.

It often affects people who swim frequently or those exposed to excessive moisture in the ear.

What Are the Symptoms of Simplex Otitis Externa?

Symptoms typically develop within a few days after exposure to moisture or irritation.

Common Symptoms

• Ear pain, especially when touching or pulling the ear
• Itching inside the ear canal
• Redness and swelling of the ear canal
• Drainage of fluid or pus from the ear
• Temporary hearing loss due to swelling

How is Simplex Otitis Externa Caused?

It is caused by infection or irritation of the ear canal.

Common Causes

• Bacterial infection, often by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus
• Fungal infection in some cases
• Excess moisture from swimming or bathing
• Trauma to the ear canal from cleaning or inserting objects

How is Simplex Otitis Externa Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is based on physical examination and symptoms.

Common Diagnostic Methods

• Otoscopic exam to visualize inflammation and discharge in the ear canal
• Swab culture if infection is severe or does not respond to treatment

How is Simplex Otitis Externa Treated?

Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and eliminate infection.

First-Line Treatments

• Cleaning and drying the ear canal
• Antibiotic or antifungal ear drops
• Pain relief with analgesics

Additional Steps

• Avoid swimming or water exposure until healed
• Avoid inserting objects into the ear canal
• Use ear drops to dry the ear if prone to infections

What Are the Complications of Simplex Otitis Externa?

If untreated, it can lead to more serious issues.

Possible Complications

• Spread of infection to nearby tissues
• Chronic otitis externa
• Hearing loss if swelling blocks the ear canal
• Rarely, invasive infections in people with weakened immunity

How Can Simplex Otitis Externa Be Prevented?

Prevention focuses on keeping ears dry and avoiding irritation.

Tips to Prevent Simplex Otitis Externa

• Dry ears thoroughly after swimming or bathing
• Use earplugs when swimming
• Avoid inserting objects into the ear canal
• Manage skin conditions like eczema around the ears