What is Scleritis?

Scleritis is a serious inflammatory condition that affects the sclera, the white outer layer of the eye. It causes redness, pain, and swelling and can potentially damage the eye if untreated. Scleritis is often linked to autoimmune diseases but can also occur on its own.

What Are the Symptoms of Scleritis?

Symptoms typically develop gradually and can be severe.

Common Symptoms

• Deep, severe eye pain that may worsen with eye movement.
• Redness of the eye, often involving the entire sclera.
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia).
• Blurred vision.
• Tearing or watery eyes.
• Swelling around the eye.

If untreated, scleritis can cause complications affecting vision.

What Causes Scleritis?

Scleritis usually results from inflammation due to:

• Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or vasculitis.
• Infections, although this is less common.
• Eye injury or surgery.
• Idiopathic causes (unknown origin).

How is Scleritis Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is made through clinical examination by an eye specialist (ophthalmologist).

Common Diagnostic Methods

• Detailed eye examination using a slit lamp.
• Medical history review to identify underlying autoimmune or infectious causes.
• Blood tests to detect systemic inflammatory diseases.
• Imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI if needed.

How is Scleritis Treated?

Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and relieving symptoms.

Treatment Options

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): For mild cases.
• Corticosteroids: Oral or injectable steroids for moderate to severe inflammation.
• Immunosuppressive medications: For cases linked to autoimmune diseases.
• Antibiotics or antifungals: If an infection is the cause.
• Eye drops to relieve symptoms may also be prescribed.

Early treatment is essential to prevent complications.

What Are the Complications of Scleritis?

• Vision loss due to damage to the sclera or other eye structures.
• Corneal ulcers or thinning.
• Glaucoma.
• Eye perforation in severe cases.

How Can You Prevent Scleritis?

• Manage underlying autoimmune or inflammatory diseases effectively.
• Avoid eye trauma.
• Seek prompt medical attention for eye pain or redness.
• Regular eye check-ups if you have a history of autoimmune conditions.

When Should You See a Doctor?

• If you experience severe eye pain, redness, or vision changes.
• If symptoms persist or worsen despite treatment.
• For evaluation if you have autoimmune diseases and develop eye symptoms.