What Is Rubella?
Rubella, also known as German measles, is a contagious viral infection that causes a mild fever and a red rash. It is generally a mild illness but can be serious if contracted during pregnancy, as it may cause birth defects.
What Causes Rubella?
- Infection with the rubella virus, which spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
- Direct contact with an infected person or contaminated surfaces.
What Are the Symptoms of Rubella?
- Mild fever
- Rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body
- Swollen and tender lymph nodes, especially behind the ears and neck
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Joint pain, especially in young women
- Red eyes (conjunctivitis)
- Headache and general malaise
How Is Rubella Diagnosed?
- Clinical examination based on symptoms and rash
- Blood tests to detect rubella antibodies
- Viral culture or PCR tests in some cases
What Are the Treatment Options for Rubella?
- There is no specific antiviral treatment for rubella.
- Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms such as fever and discomfort.
- Rest and hydration
- Over-the-counter medications for fever and pain relief
Can Rubella Cause Complications?
- In children and adults, rubella is usually mild and self-limiting.
- Serious complications can occur if a pregnant woman contracts rubella, especially during the first trimester, potentially causing congenital rubella syndrome with birth defects such as heart problems, deafness, and developmental delays.
- Joint pain or arthritis, especially in adult women.
How Can Rubella Be Prevented?
- Vaccination with the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine is the most effective prevention.
- Avoid contact with infected individuals during outbreaks.
- Pregnant women should ensure immunity to rubella before pregnancy.