What Is Rickets?
Rickets is a condition in children characterized by softening and weakening of the bones, usually caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. This leads to bone deformities, delayed growth, and sometimes pain or difficulty walking.
What Causes Rickets?
- Vitamin D deficiency: Lack of vitamin D, which is essential for calcium absorption from the gut.
- Calcium or phosphate deficiency: Insufficient intake or problems with metabolism.
- Genetic disorders: Rare inherited conditions affecting bone metabolism.
- Limited sunlight exposure: Since the body produces vitamin D when exposed to sunlight.
- Malabsorption disorders: Conditions like celiac disease or cystic fibrosis can impair nutrient absorption.
What Are the Symptoms of Rickets?
- Delayed growth and short stature
- Bone pain or tenderness, especially in the legs, pelvis, or spine
- Skeletal deformities such as bowed legs, thickened wrists or ankles, and breastbone protrusion
- Dental problems like delayed tooth formation or defects
- Muscle weakness
- Increased tendency to fractures
How Is Rickets Diagnosed?
- Clinical evaluation of symptoms and physical signs
- Blood tests to check levels of vitamin D, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase
- X-rays of bones to identify characteristic changes
- Assessment for underlying causes such as malabsorption or genetic conditions
What Are the Treatment Options for Rickets?
- Supplementation with vitamin D and calcium
- Dietary changes to include vitamin D-rich foods (like fortified milk, fish, and eggs)
- Exposure to sunlight in safe amounts
- Treatment of underlying conditions affecting nutrient absorption
- In severe cases, orthopedic surgery may be needed to correct bone deformities
Can Rickets Cause Complications?
- Permanent bone deformities if untreated
- Growth retardation
- Increased risk of fractures
- Muscle weakness affecting mobility
How Can Rickets Be Prevented?
- Ensure adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium through diet and supplements if necessary
- Safe, regular exposure to sunlight
- Early screening in children at risk due to diet, medical conditions, or limited sun exposure
- Managing underlying health issues that affect nutrient absorption