What Is Rhinitis?

Rhinitis is the inflammation of the mucous membranes inside the nose, leading to symptoms such as a runny or blocked nose, sneezing, and itching. It can be triggered by various factors, including infections, allergies, irritants, and structural abnormalities.

What Are the Types of Rhinitis?

Rhinitis is broadly categorized into two main types:

• Allergic Rhinitis: An immune system response to allergens like pollen, dust mites, mold, or pet dander.
• Nonallergic Rhinitis: Nasal inflammation not related to allergies, often triggered by irritants such as smoke, strong odors, or hormonal changes.

What Are the Symptoms of Rhinitis?

Common symptoms include:

• Sneezing
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Itchy nose, throat, or eyes
• Postnasal drip
• Coughing
• Fatigue

What Causes Rhinitis?

• Allergic Rhinitis: Triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, mold, or pet dander.
• Nonallergic Rhinitis: Caused by irritants like smoke, strong odors, or hormonal changes.
• Infections: Viral infections like the common cold can lead to rhinitis.
• Medications: Overuse of nasal decongestant sprays can cause rebound congestion.

How Is Rhinitis Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is primarily based on medical history and symptoms. In some cases, allergy tests or nasal endoscopy may be performed to determine the underlying cause.

What Are the Treatment Options for Rhinitis?

• Allergic Rhinitis:
  • Avoidance of known allergens.
  • Antihistamines to reduce symptoms.
  • Nasal corticosteroid sprays to decrease inflammation.
  • Allergen immunotherapy (allergy shots) for long-term relief.
• Nonallergic Rhinitis:
  • Avoidance of irritants.
  • Saline nasal sprays to relieve congestion.
  • Nasal corticosteroid sprays for inflammation.
  • In some cases, oral medications may be prescribed.

Can Rhinitis Cause Complications?

If left untreated, rhinitis can lead to:

• Sinusitis (sinus infection)
• Middle ear infections
• Sleep disturbances
• Decreased quality of life due to persistent symptoms

How Can Rhinitis Be Prevented?

• For Allergic Rhinitis:
  • Minimize exposure to known allergens.
  • Use air purifiers and keep windows closed during high pollen seasons.
  • Regular cleaning to reduce dust mites and mold.
• For Nonallergic Rhinitis:
  • Avoid known irritants such as smoke and strong odors.
  • Maintain a humidified environment.
  • Use nasal saline irrigation to clear nasal passages.