What is Proteinuria?
Proteinuria is a condition where there is an abnormal amount of protein in the urine. Normally, the kidneys filter waste products while retaining essential substances like protein. When the kidneys’ filters (glomeruli) are damaged or stressed, protein—especially albumin—can leak into the urine. While occasional, mild proteinuria may not be serious, persistent proteinuria can be a sign of kidney disease or other health issues.

What causes Proteinuria?

Proteinuria can result from various temporary or chronic conditions, including:

• Kidney disease (glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, etc.)
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Diabetes
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Dehydration or intense physical activity (usually temporary)
• Pregnancy-related complications like preeclampsia
• Certain medications (NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, etc.)

What are the symptoms of Proteinuria?

Often, proteinuria does not cause obvious symptoms in its early stages. However, as it progresses, possible signs may include:

• Foamy or frothy urine
• Swelling in the hands, feet, abdomen, or face (edema)
• Weight gain due to fluid retention
• Fatigue or weakness if kidney function is affected
• Signs of the underlying condition causing the protein loss

How is Proteinuria diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically involves:

• Urine tests: A dipstick urine test can detect protein; a 24-hour urine collection or urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio provides more precise measurements
• Blood tests: To assess kidney function, including BUN and creatinine levels
• Imaging studies: Ultrasound may be used to examine kidney structure
• Kidney biopsy: In some cases, a small sample of kidney tissue is taken to identify the cause of protein leakage

What are the treatment options for Proteinuria?

Treatment focuses on the underlying cause and protecting kidney function:

• Managing high blood pressure using ACE inhibitors or ARBs
• Controlling blood sugar in individuals with diabetes
• Dietary changes to reduce salt, protein, and fat intake
• Treating infections or other underlying illnesses
• Lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy weight and quitting smoking

If proteinuria is due to a temporary cause (like exercise or dehydration), it usually resolves on its own.

What is the recovery and prognosis for Proteinuria?

• Mild or transient proteinuria often resolves with hydration and rest
• Persistent or high levels of protein in the urine may indicate kidney damage and require long-term management
• With early diagnosis and proper treatment of the underlying condition, kidney damage can often be slowed or prevented
• Regular monitoring is essential to ensure kidney function remains stable

How can Proteinuria be prevented or managed long-term?

• Control blood pressure and blood sugar to protect the kidneys
• Stay hydrated and avoid excessive use of NSAIDs
• Have regular check-ups, especially if you have risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, or a family history of kidney disease
• Adopt a kidney-friendly diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low in processed salt and protein
• Avoid smoking and maintain a healthy lifestyle