What is folliculitis?

Folliculitis is a common skin condition where hair follicles become inflamed. It usually looks like small red bumps or pimples, often with a white tip, and can be itchy, sore, or filled with pus. It can occur anywhere you have hair—most commonly on the scalp, face, neck, thighs, buttocks, or armpits.

Mild cases often clear up on their own, but more severe or recurring cases may need medical treatment.

What causes folliculitis?

Folliculitis happens when hair follicles get infected, irritated, or blocked. Common causes include:

• Bacterial infection – Most often Staphylococcus aureus (staph bacteria)
• Fungal infections – Yeast or other fungi can infect hair follicles
• Friction or shaving – Rubbing from tight clothing or razors can damage follicles
• Sweating – Especially in hot, humid conditions
• Blocked follicles – From oils, lotions, or heavy creams
• Hot tubs – Poorly sanitized water can cause “hot tub folliculitis”

What are the symptoms of folliculitis?

The condition can look and feel similar to acne or a rash. Symptoms include:

• Red, inflamed bumps or pimples around hair follicles
• White-headed pustules
• Itching or burning sensation
• Pain or tenderness in the affected area
• Crusting or oozing if severe
• Scarring or dark spots (in chronic or deep infections)

Are there different types of folliculitis?

Yes. Some common types include:

1. Bacterial folliculitis

Most common type, caused by staph bacteria. It often affects areas shaved frequently.

2. Pseudomonas folliculitis (Hot tub rash)

Caused by bacteria in contaminated hot tubs or pools. Appears within hours or a few days after exposure.

3. Fungal folliculitis

Triggered by yeast or fungal infections, especially in hot, humid climates.

4. Pityrosporum folliculitis

Caused by a yeast called Malassezia, often seen on the chest, back, or shoulders.

5. Viral or parasitic folliculitis

Less common, but can occur with herpes simplex virus or mites (like in scabies).

Is folliculitis contagious?

It can be, especially if caused by bacteria or fungi. Sharing razors, towels, or hot tubs may spread the infection.

How is folliculitis diagnosed?

Doctors usually diagnose it based on appearance and symptoms. In unclear or stubborn cases, they may take:

• Skin swabs – To identify bacteria or fungi
• Biopsy – Rarely, a small sample of skin may be taken for lab analysis

How is folliculitis treated?

Most mild cases go away on their own with basic care. Treatments include:

Home remedies:

• Warm compresses to soothe and draw out pus
• Antibacterial soap to cleanse the area
• Over-the-counter creams (e.g., hydrocortisone for itching)

Medical treatments:

• Topical antibiotics – Like mupirocin for bacterial infections
• Oral antibiotics – For more widespread or stubborn cases
• Antifungal creams or pills – If the cause is fungal
• Antiseptic washes – Like chlorhexidine
• Laser hair removal – In chronic cases to reduce hair growth

What can I do to prevent folliculitis?

Prevention tips include:

• Avoid shaving too closely or use an electric razor
• Shave in the direction of hair growth
• Keep skin clean and dry
• Avoid tight clothing that causes friction
• Don’t share razors, towels, or personal items
• Shower after sweating or using hot tubs
• Choose non-comedogenic (non-pore clogging) lotions or oils

What are the complications of folliculitis?

If not treated properly, folliculitis can lead to:

• Recurring infections
• Permanent hair loss or scarring
• Boils or large abscesses
• Dark spots (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation)

When should I see a doctor?

See a healthcare provider if:

• The rash spreads or gets worse
• You have fever or signs of infection
• Home treatments don’t help
• You notice scarring, swelling, or repeated flare-ups
• You’re unsure whether it’s acne, folliculitis, or another skin issue