What is Fibrosarcoma?
Fibrosarcoma is a rare type of soft tissue cancer that originates in the fibrous connective tissue, typically affecting the tendons, ligaments, and deep soft tissues. It can develop in any part of the body but is most commonly found in the thighs, arms, or trunk. Fibrosarcoma may affect both adults and children, although some forms are more common in specific age groups.
What causes Fibrosarcoma?
The exact cause is not always known, but contributing factors may include:
- Genetic mutations in connective tissue cells
- Radiation exposure (especially prior radiation therapy)
- Certain inherited genetic syndromes (e.g., Li-Fraumeni syndrome)
- Previous trauma or surgical scars (rare)
- Chronic tissue irritation (in some cases)
What are the symptoms of Fibrosarcoma?
Symptoms depend on the tumor’s size and location, and may include:
- A painless lump or mass under the skin
- Swelling in the affected area
- Pain or tenderness (especially as the tumor grows or presses on nerves)
- Restricted movement if the tumor is near joints
- Numbness or tingling if nerves are compressed
- Fatigue or weight loss in more advanced cases
How is Fibrosarcoma diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves a combination of:
- Physical examination of the lump or mass
- Imaging tests such as:
- MRI – to assess size, depth, and involvement with nearby structures
- CT scan or X-ray – to detect possible bone involvement or spread
- Biopsy – a sample of the tissue is examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis
- Blood tests – to check overall health and rule out other conditions
How is Fibrosarcoma treated?
Treatment typically depends on the stage, location, and size of the tumor, and may include:
- Surgery
- The main treatment is surgical removal of the tumor with clear margins
- Limb-sparing surgery may be possible, but amputation is rarely needed
- Radiation therapy
- Used before surgery to shrink the tumor or after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells
- May also be used if surgery isn’t possible
- Chemotherapy
- Less commonly effective in adults, but may be used in aggressive or metastatic cases
- More often used in pediatric fibrosarcoma
- Targeted therapy or clinical trials
- May be considered in advanced or recurrent cases
What is the prognosis?
Prognosis depends on several factors:
- Tumor size and location
- Stage at diagnosis (early-stage has better outcomes)
- Success of surgical removal
- Patient’s overall health
When caught early and completely removed, the outlook can be good, but recurrence is possible, so long-term follow-up is essential.
Can Fibrosarcoma spread?
Yes. Fibrosarcoma can spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body, especially the:
- Lungs
- Lymph nodes
- Bones (in rare cases)
Regular imaging and monitoring are important for early detection of metastasis.
When should I see a doctor?
See a healthcare provider if you notice:
- A new lump that’s growing or changing
- Persistent pain, swelling, or restricted movement
- A previous lump returning after removal
Early evaluation and diagnosis improve the chances of successful treatment.