What is Fibrillation?
Fibrillation is a rapid, irregular, and uncoordinated contraction of muscle fibers, most commonly occurring in the heart. It disrupts the normal rhythm and function of the heart and may affect either the atria (upper chambers) or the ventricles (lower chambers).
Types of Fibrillation
- Atrial Fibrillation (AFib): This is the most common type. It affects the upper chambers and causes an irregular, often rapid heart rate.
- Ventricular Fibrillation (VFib): A life-threatening condition where the lower chambers quiver ineffectively, often leading to cardiac arrest if not treated immediately.
Causes
- High blood pressure
- Heart disease (e.g., coronary artery disease)
- Thyroid disorders
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Heart surgery or trauma
- Lung diseases
- Genetic factors (in some cases)
Symptoms
- Palpitations (fluttering or pounding in the chest)
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Chest pain
- Fainting (more common with VFib)
Diagnosis
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): Main test to detect irregular rhythm
- Holter Monitor: A portable ECG device worn for 24–48 hours
- Echocardiogram: Uses sound waves to examine heart structure
- Blood tests: To check for thyroid issues or other causes
Treatment
- Medications: Beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and anticoagulants
- Cardioversion: Electrical or medical shock to restore normal rhythm
- Catheter Ablation: Destroys the abnormal heart tissue causing the fibrillation
- Pacemaker or Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD): For severe cases or VFib
Complications
- Increased risk of stroke (especially in AFib)
- Heart failure
- Sudden cardiac arrest (with VFib)
- Blood clots
Prevention and Management
- Managing blood pressure and other chronic conditions
- Limiting alcohol and caffeine
- Avoiding stimulants
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Regular check-ups and following prescribed treatments