What are fetal movements?

Fetal movements are the kicks, rolls, flutters, and other motions you feel as your baby grows and becomes active inside the womb. These movements are an important sign of a baby’s health and development, especially during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Most women begin to feel fetal movements between 18 to 25 weeks of pregnancy.

Why do fetal movements matter?

Regular fetal movements are a reassuring sign that your baby is healthy and active. Monitoring changes in movement patterns helps detect potential problems early, such as reduced oxygen supply or placental issues. A sudden decrease or noticeable change in movements should be reported to your healthcare provider as it may indicate that the baby is in distress.

What causes changes in fetal movements?

Fetal movement can vary naturally, but certain factors may influence how much you feel, including:

• Baby’s growth and position
• Time of day (babies are often more active at night)
• Your activity level (you may not notice movements when you’re busy)
• Gestational age (movements may feel different later in pregnancy)
• Amount of amniotic fluid
• Placenta position (anterior placenta may cushion movements)
• Medications or sedatives
• Smoking or substance use

What kinds of changes are considered normal?

It’s normal to feel different types of movement as your baby grows:

• Light flutters or “butterfly” feelings early on
• Stronger kicks, rolls, and jabs by the third trimester
• A more regular pattern of movement by 28 weeks

Your baby may also have rest and sleep cycles, lasting 20 to 40 minutes, during which movement may pause temporarily.

When should I be concerned about fetal movement changes?

You should contact your doctor or midwife immediately if you experience:

• A sudden decrease in movement
• No movement for more than 2 hours during a time when the baby is normally active
• Weaker or irregular movements compared to the usual pattern
• No movements by 24 weeks

Reduced fetal movement could be a sign of conditions like fetal distress, placental insufficiency, or growth restriction, and should be evaluated quickly.

How can I check fetal movement at home?

One common method is the kick count:

• Choose a time when your baby is usually active (often after meals or in the evening)
• Lie on your left side and count each movement (kick, roll, or jab)
• You should feel 10 movements within 2 hours (usually takes less time)

If you feel fewer than 10 movements in that time, call your healthcare provider.

How is decreased fetal movement assessed medically?

If you report a change in fetal movement, your provider may:

• Listen to the baby’s heartbeat
• Perform a non-stress test (NST)
• Conduct an ultrasound to check movement, heart rate, and fluid levels
• Evaluate overall fetal health and growth

Prompt evaluation is essential to ensure the baby is safe and receiving enough oxygen and nutrients.

Can fetal movement changes mean labor is near?

Yes, in late pregnancy, the type of movement may change. You might feel more rolling and stretching rather than sharp kicks. As your baby drops lower into the pelvis in preparation for birth, movement may feel different—but it should not stop completely.

How can I help promote healthy fetal movement?

• Eat regular, nutritious meals
• Stay hydrated
• Avoid smoking, alcohol, and recreational drugs
• Rest on your left side to improve blood flow to the baby
• Attend all prenatal appointments and follow medical advice