What Is Fertility Testing?

Fertility testing refers to a series of medical evaluations used to assess a person’s ability to conceive. Both men and women may undergo fertility testing if they’ve been trying to conceive without success for over a year (or six months if the woman is over 35).

Why Is It Done?

Fertility tests help identify:

• Ovulation issues
• Hormonal imbalances
• Sperm problems
• Uterine or tubal abnormalities
• Underlying medical conditions

Fertility Testing in Women

1. Ovulation Testing

• Basal Body Temperature (BBT): Tracks temperature changes that suggest ovulation.
• Ovulation Predictor Kits (OPKs): Detect luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in urine.
• Blood Tests: Measure hormones like FSH, LH, estradiol, AMH, and progesterone.

2. Pelvic Ultrasound
Assesses the uterus and ovaries, checks for cysts, fibroids, or polyps, and tracks follicle growth.

3. Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
An X-ray test that checks if the fallopian tubes are open and the uterine cavity is normal.

4. Saline Sonohysterogram (SIS)
Uses saline and ultrasound to get a clearer view of the uterus lining.

5. Hysteroscopy
A small camera is inserted into the uterus to detect polyps, adhesions, or fibroids.

6. Laparoscopy
A minimally invasive surgical procedure used to identify issues like endometriosis or adhesions.

Fertility Testing in Men

1. Semen Analysis
Evaluates sperm count, motility (movement), morphology (shape), and overall semen health.

2. Hormone Testing
Blood tests check testosterone and other hormones like FSH and LH.

3. Scrotal Ultrasound
Examines the testicles and surrounding tissue for blockages or abnormalities.

4. Genetic Testing
Done if there’s a very low or no sperm count, to check for chromosomal issues.

5. Testicular Biopsy
Sometimes used if there’s no sperm in the semen, to assess sperm production inside the testes.

Combined or Specialized Tests

1. Postcoital Test (PCT)
Assesses how sperm interacts with cervical mucus after intercourse.

2. Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) Test
Reflects a woman’s ovarian reserve and potential egg count.

3. Thyroid Function Tests
Thyroid issues can impact ovulation and fertility in both men and women.

When Should You Get Tested?

• After 12 months of unprotected intercourse without conception (or 6 months if the woman is over 35)
• If you have irregular periods, known reproductive disorders, or a history of miscarriage
• If there are signs of hormonal imbalance (acne, hair loss, low libido)