What is bursitis?

• Bursitis is the inflammation of a bursa
• A bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac that cushions bones, tendons, and muscles near joints
• Inflammation causes pain, swelling, and reduced movement in the affected joint

What causes bursitis?

• Repetitive motion or overuse of a joint
• Prolonged pressure on a joint (kneeling, leaning on elbows)
• Sudden injury or trauma
• Infections (septic bursitis)
• Underlying conditions like gout or rheumatoid arthritis

Which joints are commonly affected?

• Shoulder
• Elbow
• Hip
• Knee
• Heel
• Base of the big toe

Who is at risk for bursitis?

• People with jobs or hobbies involving repetitive motion (carpenters, gardeners, athletes)
• Older adults
• People with poor posture or improper body mechanics
• Those with arthritis or gout
• Individuals with weakened immune systems

What are the symptoms of bursitis?

• Pain in the affected joint (worsens with movement or pressure)
• Swelling and warmth over the joint
• Stiffness or limited motion
• Tenderness when pressing the area
• Redness (in cases of infection)

How is bursitis diagnosed?

• Physical exam to assess pain, swelling, and range of motion
• X-rays – to rule out other joint issues
• MRI or ultrasound – to check soft tissue
• Fluid analysis – if infection is suspected
• Blood tests – to look for inflammation or infection

What is the treatment for bursitis?

• Rest – avoid activities that worsen pain
• Ice – to reduce swelling and pain
• Medications – anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen or naproxen
• Physical therapy – to strengthen muscles and improve mobility
• Aspiration – draining fluid from the bursa (if necessary)
• Antibiotics – for septic bursitis
• Corticosteroid injections – for persistent inflammation

What are the complications of bursitis?

• Chronic pain or swelling
• Limited joint mobility
• Recurrent bursitis
• Infection spreading to nearby tissues
• Bursal calcification (in long-standing cases)

How can bursitis be prevented?

• Avoid repetitive motion and pressure on joints
• Take frequent breaks during physical activity
• Use proper lifting techniques and posture
• Stretch and strengthen muscles regularly
• Use protective gear for elbows or knees during work or sports
• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce joint strain

When should you see a doctor?

• If pain or swelling lasts more than a few days
• If symptoms interfere with daily activities
• If you have signs of infection like fever or redness
• If over-the-counter treatments don’t help