Acne: Everything You Need to Know

What is Acne?

Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria. It can cause pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, and even deep cysts. But what triggers acne, and how can it be treated? Let’s find out.

What Causes Acne?

The exact causes of acne can vary, but what are the most common factors?

1. Excess Oil Production – Does your skin feel oily? Overactive sebaceous glands produce too much oil, clogging pores.
2. Clogged Pores – Do you cleanse your skin properly? Dead skin cells can accumulate and block hair follicles.
3. Bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes) – Can bacteria worsen acne? Yes, it can lead to inflammation and breakouts.
4. Hormonal Changes – Have you noticed acne flares during puberty, pregnancy, or your menstrual cycle? Hormones play a major role.
5. Diet – Do foods like dairy and sugar contribute to acne? Some studies suggest they might.
6. Stress – Can stress trigger acne? It doesn’t directly cause acne but can make it worse.
7. Cosmetics & Skincare Products – Are you using non-comedogenic products? Heavy or oil-based products can clog pores.

What Are the Symptoms of Acne?

Acne appears in different forms. Have you experienced any of these?

• Whiteheads (Closed Comedones) – Small, flesh-colored bumps under the skin.
• Blackheads (Open Comedones) – Dark, clogged pores that are open at the surface.
• Papules – Small, red, tender bumps.
• Pustules – Pimples filled with pus, often with a white or yellow center.
• Nodules – Large, painful lumps beneath the skin.
• Cysts – Deep, pus-filled lesions that can cause scarring.

Does acne only appear on the face? No, it can also occur on the back, chest, shoulders, and even the neck.

Types of Acne

Not all acne is the same. Which type do you have?

1. Mild Acne – Few blemishes, mostly blackheads or whiteheads.
2. Moderate Acne – More pimples and inflammation.
3. Severe Acne – Large, painful nodules and cysts, often leading to scarring.

How do you know when to seek treatment? If your acne is persistent, painful, or affecting your confidence, it’s time to see a dermatologist.

How is Acne Diagnosed?

A doctor or dermatologist usually diagnoses acne through:

• Skin Examination – What type of acne do you have? A professional can determine the severity and type.
• Medical History – Have you tried different treatments? A doctor will ask about your past skincare routine and any triggers.
• Hormonal Testing – Could hormonal imbalances be the cause? Sometimes, additional tests may be recommended.

How is Acne Treated?

Acne treatments vary depending on severity. What are your options?

• Over-the-Counter (OTC) Treatments:
  • Benzoyl Peroxide – Kills acne-causing bacteria.
  • Salicylic Acid – Helps unclog pores.
  • Retinoids – Promotes cell turnover and prevents blockages.
• Prescription Treatments:
  • Topical Retinoids – Are stronger than OTC versions and help prevent clogged pores.
  • Antibiotics – Reduce bacteria and inflammation.
  • Oral Contraceptives – Can birth control pills help acne? Yes, for some women, they regulate hormones.
  • Isotretinoin (Accutane) – A powerful medication for severe acne, but is it safe? It requires medical supervision due to potential side effects.
• Professional Treatments:
  • Chemical Peels – Can exfoliate the skin and reduce breakouts.
  • Laser Therapy – Helps reduce bacteria and oil production.
  • Drainage & Extraction – For stubborn cysts or nodules, is this a good option? Only when performed by a dermatologist.

Can Acne Be Prevented?

While acne isn’t always preventable, what steps can you take to reduce breakouts?

• Wash your face twice daily – Do you cleanse properly? Avoid harsh scrubbing.
• Use non-comedogenic products – Are your skincare and makeup products clogging your pores?
• Eat a balanced diet – Have you tried reducing dairy and processed foods?
• Manage stress – Are you practicing relaxation techniques like yoga or meditation?
• Don’t pick or pop pimples – Do you resist the urge? Popping pimples can lead to scarring.

When Should You See a Doctor?

If your acne is severe, painful, or leaving scars, when is the right time to visit a dermatologist? The sooner, the better. Early treatment can prevent long-term damage and boost confidence.