Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body.
Common Symptoms of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (Lung TB)
- Persistent cough lasting more than 3 weeks
- Coughing up blood or sputum (phlegm)
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue and weakness
- Fever, often low-grade and prolonged
- Night sweats
- Loss of appetite
- Chills
Symptoms of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (TB outside the lungs)
TB can affect other organs such as lymph nodes, bones, kidneys, brain, and spine. Symptoms vary depending on the affected area, including:
- Swelling or lumps in lymph nodes
- Bone pain or fractures
- Blood in urine (if kidneys are affected)
- Headaches or confusion (if TB affects the brain)
- Back pain or spinal deformities (in spinal TB)
When to See a Doctor
If you have a persistent cough lasting more than 2-3 weeks, unexplained weight loss, night sweats, or coughing up blood, see a healthcare provider promptly for evaluation.
Important Notes
- TB spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
- Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and spread to others.
- Not everyone with TB infection becomes sick; latent TB infection can exist without symptoms but may become active later.