UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) is an infection that affects any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Most infections involve the lower urinary tract — the bladder and urethra.

Common Symptoms of UTI

• Frequent urge to urinate
• Burning sensation or pain during urination
• Passing small amounts of urine frequently
• Cloudy, dark, bloody, or strong-smelling urine
• Pelvic pain or pressure (especially in women)
• Fever or chills (if infection spreads to kidneys)
• Fatigue or malaise

Causes of UTI

• Bacterial infection: Most commonly caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria from the bowel
• Poor hygiene or wiping from back to front
• Sexual activity can introduce bacteria
• Use of certain types of birth control (e.g., diaphragms)
• Urinary catheter use
• Blockage of urinary tract (e.g., kidney stones)
• Weakened immune system

Who Is at Risk?

• Women (due to shorter urethra)
• Older adults
• People with diabetes
• Individuals with urinary tract abnormalities or catheterization

Diagnosis

• Urine sample for urinalysis and culture
• Physical exam and medical history

Treatment

• Antibiotics to clear the infection
• Drinking plenty of fluids
• Pain relievers for discomfort
• Avoiding irritants like caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods during infection

Prevention Tips

• Wipe front to back after using the toilet
• Urinate soon after sexual activity
• Stay well hydrated
• Avoid irritating feminine products
• Wear breathable cotton underwear
• Consider probiotics or cranberry products (though evidence varies)