COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is a long-term lung disease that makes it hard to breathe. It includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The condition worsens over time and mainly affects people who smoke or have long-term exposure to air pollutants.

Common Symptoms of COPD
Persistent cough with mucus
Shortness of breath during activity or even at rest in later stages
Wheezing or noisy breathing
Chest tightness
Frequent respiratory infections
Fatigue or tiredness

Causes and Risk Factors
Smoking (most common cause)
Long-term exposure to air pollution, dust, or chemical fumes
Genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
History of serious childhood lung infections

Diagnosis
Spirometry test to measure lung function
Chest X-ray or CT scan
Blood tests to check oxygen levels
Medical history and physical exam

Treatment Options
There is no cure, but treatments help manage symptoms and slow progression
Quit smoking to prevent further damage
Use bronchodilators (inhalers) to relax airway muscles
Take inhaled corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
Antibiotics for lung infections if needed
Pulmonary rehabilitation including exercise and breathing techniques
Oxygen therapy in advanced stages
Surgery or lung transplant in severe cases