What is Vulvar Atrophy?

Vulvar atrophy is the thinning, drying, and inflammation of the vulvar tissues, typically due to decreased estrogen levels. It most commonly occurs after menopause but can also affect women who have hormonal imbalances or undergo certain medical treatments.

What Are the Symptoms of Vulvar Atrophy?

Common symptoms include
Dryness and itching of the vulva
Burning or stinging sensations
Tenderness or soreness
Thinning and pale appearance of vulvar skin
Discomfort or pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia)
Increased susceptibility to irritation or infections.

What Causes Vulvar Atrophy?

The main cause is decreased estrogen levels, which can result from:
Menopause
Surgical removal of ovaries (oophorectomy)
Certain cancer treatments like chemotherapy or radiation
Hormonal disorders
Breastfeeding or postpartum hormonal changes.

How is Vulvar Atrophy Diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves:
Medical history review, especially menopause status
Physical examination of the vulva
Assessment of symptoms
In some cases, biopsy may be done to rule out other conditions.

How is Vulvar Atrophy Treated?

Treatment aims to restore moisture and elasticity:

Topical Estrogen Therapy
Creams, tablets, or rings to increase local estrogen levels.

Non-Hormonal Moisturizers and Lubricants
Used regularly to relieve dryness and discomfort.

Oral Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
For systemic symptoms along with vulvar atrophy.

Lifestyle Changes
Avoid irritants like harsh soaps and tight clothing.
Practice gentle hygiene.

What Are the Complications of Untreated Vulvar Atrophy?

If left untreated, vulvar atrophy can lead to:
Chronic discomfort and pain
Increased risk of urinary tract infections
Sexual dysfunction
Vulvar skin damage or tears.