What is Shoulder Impingement Syndrome?
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome is a condition where the tendons or bursa in the shoulder become compressed or “impinged” between the bones of the shoulder joint during arm movement. This causes pain, inflammation, and limited motion.
It commonly affects people who perform repetitive overhead activities, such as athletes or manual laborers.
What Are the Symptoms of Shoulder Impingement Syndrome?
- Shoulder pain, especially when lifting the arm overhead or reaching
- Weakness in the shoulder muscles
- A dull ache or sharp pain around the top and front of the shoulder
- Reduced range of motion
- Pain that worsens at night or with activity
What Causes Shoulder Impingement Syndrome?
- Repetitive overhead movements (e.g., throwing, swimming, painting)
- Shoulder injuries or trauma
- Bone spurs or arthritis narrowing the space in the shoulder joint
- Poor posture leading to abnormal shoulder mechanics
- Muscle imbalances or weakness around the shoulder
Who is at Risk for Shoulder Impingement Syndrome?
- Athletes involved in overhead sports (baseball, tennis, swimming)
- People with physically demanding jobs requiring overhead work
- Older adults with degenerative shoulder changes
- Individuals with poor posture or shoulder muscle weakness
How is Shoulder Impingement Syndrome Diagnosed?
- Medical history and physical examination focusing on shoulder movement and pain
- Special tests to reproduce impingement symptoms
- Imaging studies such as X-rays to check bone spurs or arthritis
- MRI or ultrasound to assess soft tissue damage
How is Shoulder Impingement Syndrome Treated?
- Rest and activity modification: Avoiding activities that cause pain
- Physical therapy: Exercises to strengthen shoulder muscles and improve flexibility
- Pain relief: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroid injections
- Ice therapy: To reduce inflammation and pain
- Surgery: Rarely needed; considered if symptoms persist despite conservative treatment, to remove bone spurs or repair damaged tissues
What Are the Complications of Shoulder Impingement Syndrome?
- Chronic shoulder pain and stiffness
- Rotator cuff tears if left untreated
- Decreased shoulder strength and function
How Can You Prevent Shoulder Impingement Syndrome?
- Use proper techniques during sports and work activities
- Strengthen shoulder muscles regularly
- Maintain good posture
- Avoid repetitive overhead movements without breaks
When Should You See a Doctor?
- If shoulder pain lasts more than a few weeks or worsens with activity
- If you experience weakness or limited motion in the shoulder
- If home treatments do not improve symptoms