Seizures occur when there is sudden abnormal electrical activity in the brain. They may cause jerking movements, loss of consciousness, confusion, or staring spells. Knowing how to respond can help keep the person safe until the seizure passes.

Stay Calm and Keep the Person Safe

1. Protect from injury
Gently guide the person to the ground if they’re standing.
Clear the area of sharp or dangerous objects.
Place something soft under their head, like a folded jacket.

2. Turn the person onto their side
This helps keep the airway clear and prevents choking in case of vomiting.

3. Loosen tight clothing
Loosen collars or belts to help with breathing.

4. Time the seizure
Note how long the seizure lasts. If it lasts more than 5 minutes, seek emergency help.

Do Not Do the Following

Do not restrain the person.
Do not put anything in their mouth.
Do not try to give food, drink, or medicine during the seizure.

After the Seizure

Stay with the person until they are fully alert.
Speak calmly and offer reassurance.
Help them sit or lie in a safe position.
They may feel confused, tired, or embarrassed afterward.

When to Call Emergency Help

The seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes.
The person has multiple seizures in a row.
They are injured during the seizure.
They have trouble breathing or do not regain consciousness.
It’s their first seizure or you are unsure what caused it.
The person is pregnant or has a known medical condition like diabetes.

Additional Tips

If the person wears a medical alert bracelet, check it for important health information.
Make note of what happened during the seizure to report to medical professionals.