Kawasaki Disease is a rare but serious illness that causes inflammation in the blood vessels throughout the body. It mostly affects children under the age of 5. The exact cause is unknown, but it is believed to be triggered by an infection in genetically susceptible children.
Key Symptoms of Kawasaki Disease
Kawasaki disease typically appears in phases. Common symptoms include:
- High fever lasting more than 5 days (often not reduced by usual medications)
- Red eyes (conjunctivitis) without discharge
- Red, cracked lips and strawberry tongue
- Swollen hands and feet with redness and peeling skin
- Rash on the body or genital area
- Swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck
- Irritability and fatigue
Causes and Risk Factors
- Exact cause is unknown (possibly viral or bacterial trigger)
- Not contagious
- Most common in children under age 5
- Higher incidence in boys and children of Asian descent
Complications of Kawasaki Disease
If not treated, it can lead to serious heart problems, including:
- Inflammation of the coronary arteries
- Heart muscle inflammation (myocarditis)
- Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
- Heart valve issues
Diagnosis
There is no single test. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, physical exam, and ruling out other conditions. Tests may include:
- Blood and urine tests
- Echocardiogram (heart ultrasound)
- Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG)
Treatment
- Hospital care is required
- Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): Helps reduce inflammation and risk of heart complications
- Aspirin therapy: Reduces fever and prevents blood clots
- Close heart monitoring is essential during and after treatment
Prognosis
Most children recover fully with timely treatment, but regular follow-up with a cardiologist may be needed to monitor heart health.