Fatty liver, also known as hepatic steatosis, is a condition where fat builds up in the liver. While a small amount of fat in the liver is normal, excess fat can lead to liver inflammation and long-term damage if not addressed.

There are two main types:

1. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Occurs in people who drink little or no alcohol
Often linked to obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol

2. Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD)
Caused by heavy alcohol consumption
Can progress to more serious liver problems like alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis

Common Causes of Fatty Liver

• Obesity
• Type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance
• High blood cholesterol or triglycerides
• Excessive alcohol use
• Rapid weight loss or malnutrition
• Certain medications (like steroids or chemotherapy drugs)

Symptoms of Fatty Liver

Fatty liver often causes no symptoms, but when present, they may include:

• Fatigue
• Discomfort or pain in the upper right abdomen
• Unexplained weight loss
• Weakness

In more advanced cases, symptoms may include:

• Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
• Swelling in the legs or abdomen
• Confusion or trouble concentrating (in severe liver dysfunction)

Diagnosis
Fatty liver is usually diagnosed through:

• Blood tests (liver function tests)
• Imaging (ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI)
• Sometimes a liver biopsy

Treatment and Management

There is no specific medication for fatty liver, but it can often be reversed with lifestyle changes:

• Lose weight gradually
• Eat a healthy, balanced diet (low in sugar, refined carbs, and saturated fat)
• Exercise regularly
• Avoid alcohol
• Control diabetes and cholesterol levels