A slipped disc, also called a herniated disc or prolapsed disc, occurs when one of the soft cushions (discs) between the bones in your spine (vertebrae) is damaged and presses on nearby nerves.

How It Happens
Spinal discs act like shock absorbers. Each disc has a soft, jelly-like center (nucleus) and a tough outer layer (annulus). A slipped disc happens when the inner part bulges out through a weak spot in the outer layer, often due to wear and tear or sudden injury.

Common Causes

• Lifting heavy objects improperly
• Repetitive twisting or bending
• Injury or trauma to the spine
• Aging and disc degeneration
• Being overweight or inactive

Symptoms of a Slipped Disc

• Back pain or neck pain (depending on location of the disc)
• Pain radiating to arms or legs (sciatica is common with lower back herniation)
• Numbness or tingling in the limbs
• Muscle weakness
• Pain worsens when sitting, bending, or coughing

Diagnosis
Doctors diagnose a slipped disc using:

• Physical examination
• MRI or CT scan to view the disc and nerve involvement

Treatment Options

• Rest and gentle activity (avoid lifting or twisting)
• Pain relief medications (NSAIDs, muscle relaxants)
• Physical therapy to strengthen the back and core muscles
• Hot or cold compresses for symptom relief
• In severe cases: steroid injections or surgery (like discectomy)