What is Volvulus?

Volvulus is a medical condition where a part of the intestine twists around itself and the supporting tissue, causing an obstruction. This twisting can block the flow of food and blood through the digestive tract and may lead to tissue damage or death if not treated promptly.

Volvulus most commonly affects the sigmoid colon and the small intestine.

What Are the Symptoms of Volvulus?

Common symptoms include
Severe abdominal pain and cramping
Abdominal bloating and swelling
Nausea and vomiting
Constipation or inability to pass gas
Bloody stools in some cases
Rapid heartbeat and low blood pressure (in severe cases).

What Causes Volvulus?

Causes and risk factors include:

Congenital Abnormalities
Malrotation of the intestines present at birth.

Chronic Constipation
Leading to increased pressure in the colon.

Previous Abdominal Surgery
Adhesions or scar tissue increasing risk.

Age
More common in older adults, especially affecting the sigmoid colon.

Other Conditions
Hirschsprung’s disease or enlarged colon.

How is Volvulus Diagnosed?

Diagnostic tests include:

Physical Examination
Checking for abdominal tenderness, bloating, and bowel sounds.

Abdominal X-rays
To detect signs of obstruction or twisted bowel.

CT Scan
Detailed imaging to confirm volvulus and assess complications.

Barium Enema
A contrast study to visualize colon blockage.

How is Volvulus Treated?

Treatment depends on severity and location:

Endoscopic Decompression
A non-surgical procedure to untwist the bowel using a flexible tube.

Surgery
Required if bowel tissue is damaged or if decompression fails. May involve removing the affected bowel segment.

Supportive Care
IV fluids, pain management, and monitoring for complications.

What Are the Complications of Untreated Volvulus?

Without prompt treatment, volvulus can cause:

Bowel ischemia (loss of blood supply)
Tissue death (necrosis) of the intestine
Perforation of the bowel leading to infection (peritonitis)
Sepsis and life-threatening complications.

Living with Volvulus: Tips for Prevention and Care

Manage chronic constipation with a high-fiber diet and adequate hydration.
Seek immediate medical help if experiencing severe abdominal pain or vomiting.
Follow post-surgery instructions carefully to avoid complications.
Regular medical check-ups if you have conditions predisposing to volvulus.