What is Vocal Fold Dysfunction?
Vocal Fold Dysfunction (VFD), also known as Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion (PVFM), is a condition where the vocal cords (vocal folds) close abnormally during breathing, especially when inhaling. Instead of opening to allow air into the lungs, the vocal folds partially or fully close, causing breathing difficulties.
What Are the Symptoms of Vocal Fold Dysfunction?
Symptoms can mimic asthma and often include:
- Difficulty breathing, especially during inhalation
- Noisy breathing (stridor or wheezing)
- Throat tightness or choking sensation
- Frequent coughing or throat clearing
- Voice changes such as hoarseness or breathiness
- Feeling of shortness of breath without improvement from asthma medications
What Causes Vocal Fold Dysfunction?
The exact cause is unclear but may be triggered by:
- Stress or anxiety
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Upper respiratory infections
- Irritants like smoke or strong odors
- Exercise or physical activity
- Neurological conditions affecting the vocal cords
How is Vocal Fold Dysfunction Diagnosed?
Diagnosis requires a thorough evaluation including:
- Medical history and symptom review
- Laryngoscopy: a flexible scope examines vocal fold movement during breathing
- Pulmonary function tests to rule out asthma or other lung conditions
- Voice evaluation by a speech-language pathologist
How is Vocal Fold Dysfunction Treated?
Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and retraining vocal fold function:
- Speech Therapy
- Techniques to control breathing and relax vocal cords
- Breathing exercises to reduce airway obstruction
- Behavioral Therapy
- Stress management and relaxation techniques
- Counseling if anxiety is a contributing factor
- Medical Management
- Treating underlying causes such as GERD or allergies
- Avoiding triggers like irritants and strenuous exercise
- Emergency Care
- In severe cases, breathing support may be required temporarily
Complications of Untreated Vocal Fold Dysfunction
If untreated, VFD can lead to:
- Persistent breathing difficulties
- Misdiagnosis as asthma, leading to unnecessary treatments
- Reduced quality of life due to chronic symptoms
Living with Vocal Fold Dysfunction: Tips for Healthy Breathing
- Learn and practice breathing exercises recommended by a speech therapist
- Avoid known triggers such as smoke, strong scents, and allergens
- Manage stress through relaxation techniques or counseling
- Follow up regularly with healthcare providers to monitor symptoms