What is Transaminitis?
Transaminitis refers to elevated levels of liver enzymes—specifically alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)—in the blood. These enzymes are released when liver cells are damaged, indicating possible liver inflammation or injury.
What Causes Transaminitis?
There are many potential causes of transaminitis. Common ones include:
- Liver infections – Hepatitis A, B, or C can inflame the liver.
- Fatty liver disease – Both alcoholic and non-alcoholic forms can raise liver enzymes.
- Medications – Certain drugs, including acetaminophen, statins, and some antibiotics, can affect the liver.
- Alcohol use – Chronic alcohol intake may damage liver cells.
- Autoimmune hepatitis – The immune system attacks liver cells.
- Hemochromatosis or Wilson’s disease – Conditions that lead to abnormal accumulation of iron or copper in the liver.
- Metabolic conditions – Such as obesity, insulin resistance, or diabetes.
What are the Symptoms of Transaminitis?
Transaminitis itself does not cause symptoms. However, symptoms may appear if the underlying liver condition is more advanced:
- Fatigue or weakness
- Nausea or loss of appetite
- Abdominal discomfort, especially in the upper right side
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
- Dark urine or pale stools
How is Transaminitis Diagnosed?
Evaluation typically involves:
- Blood tests – To measure ALT and AST levels, as well as other liver function indicators.
- Medical history – Including alcohol use, medications, travel history, and family history of liver disease.
- Imaging tests – Such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI of the liver.
- Additional lab tests – Including tests for hepatitis viruses, iron levels, and autoimmune markers.
- Liver biopsy – In certain cases, to assess the extent of liver damage.
How is Transaminitis Treated?
Treatment depends on the underlying cause:
- Lifestyle changes – Such as weight loss, reducing alcohol intake, or controlling blood sugar.
- Discontinuing medications – If drug-induced liver injury is suspected.
- Antiviral or immunosuppressive therapy – For viral or autoimmune hepatitis.
- Monitoring – Mild, transient cases may only require observation and repeat testing.
What is the Prognosis for Transaminitis?
The outlook varies based on the cause and how early it’s detected. Mild or temporary elevations often resolve with treatment of the underlying condition. Chronic or severe liver damage requires ongoing care but can often be managed effectively.
Can Transaminitis Be Prevented?
Yes, by taking steps to protect your liver:
- Limit alcohol consumption.
- Maintain a healthy weight and diet.
- Avoid unnecessary medications and use drugs as prescribed.
- Get vaccinated against hepatitis A and B.
- Practice safe hygiene and avoid risky behaviors that can lead to viral hepatitis.
When Should You See a Doctor?
See a healthcare provider if you:
- Have elevated liver enzymes on a blood test.
- Experience symptoms such as jaundice, fatigue, or abdominal pain.
- Have a history of liver disease or risk factors such as alcohol use or obesity.
Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent serious liver complications.