What is Tracheitis?
Tracheitis is an infection and inflammation of the trachea, also known as the windpipe. It is usually caused by bacteria and sometimes follows a viral upper respiratory infection. Tracheitis can cause swelling and mucus buildup in the trachea, making breathing difficult.
This condition mainly affects children but can also occur in adults. It requires prompt treatment to avoid serious complications.
What Are the Symptoms of Tracheitis?
Symptoms usually develop quickly and can be severe.
Common Symptoms:
- Cough, often harsh and barking
- Difficulty breathing or noisy breathing (stridor)
- Fever, sometimes high
- Sore throat or pain when swallowing
- Hoarseness or loss of voice
- Rapid breathing or chest retractions (in children)
- Fatigue and irritability
What Causes Tracheitis?
Tracheitis is most commonly caused by bacterial infections such as Staphylococcus aureus. It can develop after viral infections like influenza or croup, which weaken the airway defenses.
Risk Factors:
- Recent viral upper respiratory infection
- Weakened immune system
- Young age (children are more susceptible)
- Exposure to respiratory irritants or pollutants
How is Tracheitis Diagnosed?
Doctors diagnose tracheitis based on symptoms and physical examination. Additional tests may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess severity.
Diagnostic Methods:
- Throat and tracheal cultures to identify bacteria
- Chest X-rays to rule out other lung conditions
- Blood tests to check for infection and inflammation
- Laryngoscopy or bronchoscopy in severe cases to view the airway
How is Tracheitis Treated?
Treatment aims to clear the infection and support breathing.
- Antibiotics: To treat bacterial infection, usually given intravenously in hospital.
- Supportive Care: Oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation may be needed if breathing is severely compromised.
- Hydration and Rest: Important for recovery.
- Medications: Fever reducers and cough suppressants as appropriate.
Early hospital admission is often required to monitor airway swelling and ensure the airway remains open.
Complications of Tracheitis
If untreated or severe, tracheitis can cause serious problems such as:
- Airway obstruction due to swelling or mucus buildup
- Respiratory failure requiring intensive care
- Spread of infection to lungs or bloodstream (sepsis)
- Long-term breathing difficulties
Living with Tracheitis
Most cases improve quickly with proper treatment. Preventing upper respiratory infections through good hygiene, avoiding smoking, and staying up-to-date on vaccinations can reduce the risk.
Seek immediate medical attention if you or a child develops sudden difficulty breathing, high fever, or worsening symptoms.