What is Spironolactone-Induced Gynecomastia?
Spironolactone-Induced Gynecomastia is the enlargement of male breast tissue caused by the medication spironolactone. Spironolactone is a diuretic often used to treat conditions like high blood pressure, heart failure, and fluid retention.
This side effect occurs because spironolactone can interfere with hormone balance, increasing estrogen effects in males.
What Are the Symptoms of Spironolactone-Induced Gynecomastia?
Symptoms usually develop gradually during treatment with spironolactone.
Common Symptoms
- Enlargement of one or both breasts
- Tenderness or pain in the breast area
- Swelling under the nipple
- Sensitivity to touch
Where Do Symptoms Usually Appear?
- Breast tissue in males, typically under and around the nipple
What Causes Spironolactone-Induced Gynecomastia?
This condition is caused by spironolactone’s effect on hormone receptors.
Causes
- Spironolactone blocks androgen receptors and reduces testosterone production
- Increased estrogen activity leads to breast tissue growth
- Hormonal imbalance triggered by the medication
How is Spironolactone-Induced Gynecomastia Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is based on history, symptoms, and physical examination.
Common Diagnostic Methods
- Physical exam to assess breast tissue enlargement
- Review of medication history including spironolactone use
- Blood tests to check hormone levels if needed
- Imaging (ultrasound or mammogram) to rule out other causes
How is Spironolactone-Induced Gynecomastia Treated?
Treatment involves managing symptoms and addressing medication use.
First-Line Treatments
- Discontinuation or dose reduction of spironolactone if possible
- Observation as mild cases may resolve after stopping the drug
Additional Treatments
- Medications like tamoxifen to reduce breast tissue growth in persistent cases
- Surgery may be considered if gynecomastia is severe or long-lasting
What Are the Complications of Spironolactone-Induced Gynecomastia?
Possible complications include:
- Persistent breast enlargement
- Psychological distress or self-esteem issues
- Rarely, pain or infection if tissue becomes inflamed
How Can Spironolactone-Induced Gynecomastia Be Prevented?
Prevention focuses on careful medication management.
Tips to Prevent Spironolactone-Induced Gynecomastia
- Use the lowest effective dose of spironolactone
- Regular monitoring by healthcare provider
- Report any breast changes early to your doctor
- Consider alternative medications if risk is high