What is IUGR?

Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) refers to a condition in which a baby grows slower than expected in the womb. This results in the baby being smaller than normal for their gestational age. IUGR increases the risk of complications before, during, and after birth.

What causes IUGR?

IUGR can be caused by problems related to the baby, placenta, or the mother’s health. Common causes include:

• Placental insufficiency – reduced blood flow or nutrients from the placenta
• Maternal conditions – high blood pressure, diabetes, anemia, infections (e.g., rubella, toxoplasmosis)
• Lifestyle factors – smoking, alcohol use, drug use, poor nutrition
• Fetal factors – chromosomal abnormalities, genetic syndromes, congenital infections
• Multiple pregnancy – twins or triplets may compete for nutrients

What are the symptoms of IUGR?

IUGR may not have noticeable symptoms in the mother, but signs include:

• Fundal height (uterus size) smaller than expected for gestational age
• Low amniotic fluid levels
• Slowed fetal growth on ultrasound
• Decreased fetal movements (in some cases)

How is IUGR diagnosed?

IUGR is diagnosed using:

• Ultrasound – to measure fetal size, growth rate, and amniotic fluid
• Doppler ultrasound – to assess blood flow in the umbilical artery
• Maternal weight monitoring
• Fetal monitoring – non-stress tests or biophysical profiles

How is IUGR treated?

Treatment focuses on monitoring and determining the safest time to deliver. Approaches may include:

• Frequent ultrasounds and fetal monitoring
• Managing maternal health conditions (like high blood pressure)
• Encouraging healthy maternal behaviors – good nutrition, no smoking or alcohol
• Early delivery – if fetal distress is suspected or growth is severely restricted

Can IUGR be prevented?

While not all cases can be prevented, the risk can be reduced by:

• Regular prenatal care
• Managing chronic health conditions
• Eating a balanced, nutritious diet
• Avoiding harmful substances (tobacco, alcohol, illicit drugs)

What are the complications of IUGR?

IUGR can lead to:

• Premature birth
• Low birth weight
• Breathing problems
• Low blood sugar or body temperature at birth
• Stillbirth
• Developmental delays or long-term health issues

When should you see a doctor?

See your doctor immediately if:

• You notice a decrease in fetal movement
• You have risk factors such as high blood pressure or infections
• You suspect your belly isn’t growing as expected