What is Dandy Fever (Dengue)?
Dandy Fever, more commonly known as Dengue, is a viral infection transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti. It is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The infection causes flu-like symptoms and, in some cases, severe complications, including hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Dengue is sometimes referred to as “breakbone fever” because of the intense pain it can cause, especially in muscles and joints.

What Causes Dengue Fever?
Dengue is caused by the dengue virus, which exists in four different types (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4). Infection with one type provides immunity only to that specific type, but not to the others. Therefore, a person can get infected multiple times with different types of the virus.

The virus is transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito, which typically becomes infected after feeding on the blood of a person already carrying the virus. Once infected, the mosquito can spread the virus to others.

Common Signs and Symptoms?
Dengue symptoms typically appear 4–10 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. Common symptoms include:

• High fever (sudden onset)
• Severe headache, often felt behind the eyes
• Pain in muscles and joints (also called “breakbone fever”)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fatigue and weakness
• Rash (often appearing a few days after the fever starts)
• Mild bleeding, such as nosebleeds or gum bleeding

In more severe cases, symptoms may progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which can include:

• Severe bleeding
• Low blood pressure (shock)
• Organ damage
• Fluid accumulation in the chest and abdomen

How is Dengue Diagnosed?
Dengue is usually diagnosed based on the symptoms and the person’s recent travel history to areas where dengue is common. Diagnostic tests may include:

• Blood tests to detect the dengue virus or antibodies produced in response to the virus
• PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) tests to confirm the presence of the virus
• Complete blood count (CBC) to monitor platelet levels, which can drop during severe cases

Treatment Options?
There is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue. Care focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. Treatment includes:

• Fluids: Oral rehydration or intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration, especially in severe cases
• Pain relief: Acetaminophen (paracetamol) to relieve fever and pain. Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be avoided due to the risk of bleeding.
• Monitoring: Close observation of blood pressure, platelets, and other signs to prevent complications such as shock or bleeding
• Hospitalization: Severe cases may require hospitalization for IV fluids, blood transfusions, or other treatments

Prevention of Dengue Fever?
While there is no vaccine widely available in all regions, some countries have developed a dengue vaccine (such as Dengvaxia), primarily for individuals aged 9-45 who have already been infected with dengue. However, the best approach to preventing dengue involves:

• Mosquito control: Eliminating breeding grounds (stagnant water in containers, tires, etc.)
• Use of insect repellents containing DEET
• Wearing long-sleeved clothing to reduce mosquito bites
• Sleeping under mosquito nets in areas where mosquitoes are active

Living with Dengue Fever?
Most people recover from dengue fever within 1–2 weeks with supportive care. However, individuals with severe cases may require more intensive care, including IV fluids and blood transfusions. Long-term complications are rare but can include post-viral fatigue or, in extreme cases, organ damage.

When to See a Doctor?
If you suspect you have dengue fever or experience sudden high fever, severe headache, or joint pain, especially after traveling to an area with known outbreaks, seek medical attention. If symptoms worsen, such as difficulty breathing, severe bleeding, or signs of shock, immediate medical care is critical.