What is a Pilonidal Cyst?
A Pilonidal Cyst is a small, often painful sac or cavity located near the tailbone at the top of the cleft of the buttocks. It usually contains hair, skin debris, and sometimes becomes infected, leading to an abscess or chronic sinus tract.
What causes a Pilonidal Cyst?
Pilonidal cysts are thought to develop due to ingrown hairs that penetrate the skin. Friction and pressure in the area, such as from prolonged sitting or tight clothing, can contribute. Poor hygiene and excessive hair growth in the area may increase the risk. In some cases, it may be congenital (present from birth).
Who is affected by Pilonidal Cysts?
Pilonidal cysts most commonly affect young adults, especially males aged 15 to 35 years. Risk factors include:
- Sedentary lifestyle or prolonged sitting
- Obesity
- Excess body hair
- Family history
- Poor hygiene
What are the symptoms of a Pilonidal Cyst?
Symptoms can vary but often include:
- A painful, swollen lump near the tailbone
- Redness and tenderness around the cyst
- Drainage of pus or blood from an opening in the skin
- Foul odor if infected
- Fever if infection spreads
How is a Pilonidal Cyst diagnosed?
Diagnosis is primarily based on:
- Physical examination of the affected area
- Medical history regarding symptoms and recurrence
Imaging is rarely needed unless the cyst is deep or complicated.
What treatment options are available for a Pilonidal Cyst?
Treatment depends on the severity:
- Conservative care: Good hygiene, hair removal, warm compresses, and antibiotics for mild infections
- Incision and drainage: For abscesses, a minor surgical procedure to drain pus and relieve pain
- Surgical removal: In recurrent or chronic cases, complete excision of the cyst and sinus tracts may be necessary
- Laser hair removal: Sometimes recommended to reduce hair in the area and prevent recurrence
What is the prognosis for a Pilonidal Cyst?
With proper treatment, most pilonidal cysts heal well. However, recurrence is common, especially if risk factors persist or if the cyst is not completely removed.
Can a Pilonidal Cyst affect daily life?
Pain and drainage can cause discomfort, difficulty sitting, and interfere with work or activities. Surgical treatment requires recovery time, but most people regain normal function afterward.
How can Pilonidal Cysts be prevented?
Prevention tips include:
- Maintaining good hygiene
- Keeping the area clean and dry
- Regular hair removal or trimming in the area
- Avoiding prolonged sitting when possible
- Maintaining a healthy weight
Where can someone find support or more information?
Consult a primary care doctor, dermatologist, or surgeon for evaluation and treatment options. Reliable resources include:
- American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons
- National Health Service (NHS) websites
- Patient support forums for skin and surgical conditions