What is Phimosis?
Phimosis is a condition where the foreskin of the penis cannot be retracted (pulled back) over the glans (head) of the penis. It is common in infants and young boys but can also occur in older children and adults, particularly due to infection or scarring.
What causes Phimosis?
Phimosis may be:
- Physiological: Naturally occurring in newborns and young children; usually resolves on its own with age
- Pathological: Caused by infection, inflammation, poor hygiene, or scarring from repeated forceful retraction or conditions like balanitis (inflammation of the glans)
What are the symptoms of Phimosis?
Not all cases cause symptoms, but when they do, signs may include:
- Inability to retract the foreskin
- Pain or discomfort when urinating
- Ballooning of the foreskin during urination
- Redness, swelling, or soreness of the foreskin
- Recurring infections of the foreskin or glans (balanoposthitis)
- Pain during sexual activity in adults
How is Phimosis diagnosed?
Diagnosis is made through:
- Medical history and symptom discussion
- Physical examination of the penis and foreskin
- No special tests are usually required
How is Phimosis treated?
Treatment depends on the severity and symptoms:
- No treatment is needed for physiological phimosis in children if there are no complications
- Topical corticosteroid creams may help loosen the foreskin in mild to moderate cases
- Gentle stretching exercises guided by a healthcare provider
- Circumcision (surgical removal of the foreskin) or preputioplasty (surgical loosening) in severe or recurrent cases
- Antibiotics or antifungal medications for associated infections
What is the prognosis for Phimosis?
- Most children with physiological phimosis outgrow the condition naturally
- Pathological phimosis can be successfully treated with creams or surgery
- Early treatment prevents complications such as urinary issues or infections
How can Phimosis be prevented or managed?
- Avoid forcefully retracting the foreskin in infants and young children
- Maintain proper hygiene by gently cleaning the area without retraction
- Seek medical advice if there are signs of infection, pain, or difficulty urinating
- Regular monitoring as children grow to ensure normal development