What are Petechiae?
Petechiae are small, pinpoint-sized red, purple, or brown spots that appear on the skin, mucous membranes, or eyes. They result from tiny blood vessels called capillaries breaking and leaking blood under the skin.
What causes Petechiae?
Petechiae can occur due to a variety of causes, including:
- Physical trauma such as intense coughing, vomiting, or straining
- Infections such as viral illnesses (e.g., mononucleosis), bacterial infections (e.g., meningococcemia), or sepsis
- Blood clotting disorders or platelet abnormalities
- Certain medications that affect blood clotting or platelet function
- Autoimmune diseases like vasculitis or lupus
- Nutritional deficiencies such as vitamin C deficiency (scurvy)
- Medical conditions affecting the bone marrow or blood cells, including leukemia
- Allergic reactions or reactions to toxins
Who is affected by Petechiae?
Petechiae can affect people of all ages. The significance depends on the underlying cause, ranging from harmless and temporary to signs of serious medical conditions.
What are the symptoms of Petechiae?
The main symptom is the appearance of tiny, flat spots on the skin or mucous membranes. These spots do not blanch (fade) when pressed and may be accompanied by other symptoms depending on the cause, such as fever, fatigue, or bleeding elsewhere.
How are Petechiae diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves:
- Physical examination and detailed medical history
- Blood tests to check platelet counts and clotting function
- Tests for infections if suspected
- Bone marrow biopsy in certain cases
- Imaging or other investigations as needed based on clinical suspicion
What treatment options are available for Petechiae?
Treatment depends on the underlying cause:
- If due to minor trauma or strain, petechiae often resolve on their own without treatment
- Infections require appropriate antibiotic or antiviral therapy
- Blood disorders may need medications, transfusions, or other specialized treatments
- Stopping or changing medications that cause petechiae may be necessary
- Nutritional deficiencies require dietary correction or supplements
What is the prognosis for Petechiae?
Petechiae themselves are not dangerous but may indicate an underlying condition that requires attention. Timely diagnosis and treatment of the cause generally lead to a good outcome.
Can Petechiae affect daily life?
Petechiae usually do not cause discomfort but may be concerning due to their appearance. Underlying diseases causing petechiae might impact overall health and require medical management.
Where can someone find support or more information?
Healthcare providers such as primary care physicians, hematologists, or infectious disease specialists can diagnose and treat petechiae. Patient education materials and support groups may be available for specific underlying conditions.